This is no ordinary chair.
A chair that shape-shifts.
An armchair, a lounge chair, a chaise longue, all in one.
Like many chairs, it begins with five familiar parts: a base, seat, backrest, legrest, and headrest.
Yet beneath that seeming simplicity lies a complex anatomy of over 900 individual components — the result of hundreds of hours of design, modeling, and fabrication.
.
Intrigued?
Keep scrolling to learn more...
· · ·
This project formally began in February 2024, during my final semester as a graduate student at the Yale School of Architecture.
However, its origins trace back six years earlier, to 2018, during my first semester as an undergraduate architecture student at McGill University.
The final assignment for my studio class was to design and build a chair using only cardboard. In order to set myself apart, I set out to create a chair that was simultaneously an armchair and a rocking chair.
The result was neither practical nor comfortable — and ultimately collapsed during review.
Fast forward six years to my final semester at Yale. I was fortunate to enroll in "The Chair," an elective class that offered the perfect opportunity to revisit my failed undergraduate concept — only this time, with six years of architectural training behind me and a fully-equipped shop to bring it to life.
The initial prototype established the core mechanics: in the transformation from a chaise-lounge to an armchair, the headrest would become the back "legs" and the legrest would become the front "legs". It was a clear proof of concept, but the design was still quite rough.
Prototype 1.0 was built from laser-cut MDF profiles connected by threaded rods, held rigid through friction by tightening hex nuts at each end.
I soon realized the reason this concept hadn't been achieved before wasn't just a matter of construction — it was a matter of biomechanics.
Armchairs are compact and upright, designed for an active posture with feet planted firmly on the ground. Lounge chairs, by contrast, are deeper and lower, meant for recline and even weight distribution.
Prototype 2.0 addressed this challenge: the legrest was engineered to extend the seat length when suspended, while the headrest was redesigned to raise the overall seat height higher than previously when converting to an armchair, making that configuration more upright. Together, these adjustments allowed the proportions, and the posture, to shift naturally from lounge to chair and vice versa.
However, the method by which the suspended elements were held in place — relying on friction to resist force — proved unsuccessful. After repeated tightening and loosening, the MDF wore down to the point that the friction could no longer support the legrest or headrest under the weight of a user, or even against gravity alone (see video below).
Prototype 3.0 resolved all of these issues. The key realization was that instead of relying on an external ratchet to tighten the elements through friction, the mechanism itself could be embedded within the chair — directly resisting the forces exerted by the legrest and headrest under load.
The diagram below (from my utility patent filing) illustrates how the ratchet, embedded within the base profile, can either prevent or allow rotation of the legrest depending on its setting.
The headrest follows the same principle: suspended in place, but able to pivot and lock into position as the rear legs — with the flick of a switch from another ratchet embedded in the base.
The backrest employs a tension-based system for infinite adjustability, offering variable angles and resistance. A ratchet built into the armrest lets the user fine-tune the backrest's "give" by hand, without any external tools.
With the design finalized, the next step was fabrication.
Like the previous full-scale prototypes, I began by laser-cutting every wood profile and spacer on the industrial laser cutter.
0:00 - Cutting out the wood profiles on the Kern industrial laser cutter
0:06 - Cutting out the wood spacers
0:14 - The result
Next, I sanded each profile edge to remove the burn marks, using a combination of wheel, belt, spindle, and manual sanding. Each piece went through this process twice, then was hand-finished to eliminate any remaining imperfections.
Once smooth, I rounded every edge with a handheld router fitted with a 1/16" bit and sanded them again to ensure no edge could catch on clothing or fabric.
0:00 - Sanding the blackened edges of the base
0:12 - More sanding...
0:20 - More sanding...
0:34 - Using a handheld router to round the sharp edges
0:42 - More routing...
0:48 - More sanding... by hand...
1:08 - The result
The next phase was metalworking — creating all of the concealed metal components. In total, the chair contains 400 metal components (mostly washers), including 40 custom pieces fabricated entirely from scratch.
The profiles were cut using the school's new industrial metal laser cutter, which I was the first student to operate with the assistance of the shop instructor, Nathan Burnell. Each piece was then sanded, fitted, and fixed into the wood profiles.
The ratchets were also cut and integrated, the steel rods measured and threaded by hand, and key components welded together to complete the assembly.
0:00 - Using the Kern metal laser cutter
0:28 - Sanding the dust off the cut steel pieces
0:45 - Smooth, sanded steel pieces
0:56 - Sawing a ratchet wrench in half
1:04 - Embedding the ratchet wrench into a wood profile
1:11 - Embedding cut steel pieces into a wood profile
1:17 - Cutting a steel connecting rod
1:25 - Tapering the rod edge and manually threading it
1:40 - Welding an elongated hex nut onto the threaded rod
Finally, it was time to assemble all the pieces and test the prototype before staining.
0:00 - Assembling the main body
0:12 - With a little help from my friends
0:18 - Attaching the metal-embedded headrest end profile
0:22 - Screwing on the hex nuts and attaching the ratchet-embedded profiles
0:36 - Testing out the headrest suspension mechanism
0:47 - The result
The school wasn't equipped to handle hundreds of components hanging to dry in the middle of finals season, so I brought the chair home for staining — turning my dining room into a makeshift quarantine zone for the next few weeks.
The process involved three coats of black stain followed by two clear coats, applied over dozens of hours with light sanding between each layer and several days of drying cycles.
After two long weeks, every piece was finally cured, and the chair was ready to be reassembled — and completed at last.
0:00 - Rolling the chair home
0:17 - Setting up the quarantine zone
0:26 - Disassembling the chair
0:37 - Hanging all of the wood profiles
0:44 - Putting on a hazmat suit and beginning to stain
1:25 - Staining clear coat
1:48 - Assembling the chair
2:01 - Lightly sanding blemishes and vacuuming the dust
2:10 - Final clear coat
2:24 - Using removable hide glue to lock the metal-on-metal connections
Behind the Scenes: Photoshoots